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Abstract:

In the context of modified gravity, at the linear level, the growth of structure in the Universe will be affected by modifications to the Poisson equation and by the background expansion rate of the Universe. It has been shown that these two effects lead to a degeneracy which must be properly accounted for if one is to place reliable constraints on new forces on large scales or, equivalently, modifications to general relativity. In this paper we show that current constraints are such that assumptions about the background expansion have little impact on constraints on modifications to gravity. We do so by considering the background of a flat, Λ cold dark matter universe, a universe with a more general equation of state for the dark energy, and finally, a general, model-independent, expansion rate. We use Gaussian processes to model modifications to Poisson's equation and, in the case of a general expansion rate, to model the redshift-dependent Hubble rate. We identify a degeneracy between modifications to Poisson's equation and the background matter density, ωM, which can only be broken by assuming a model-dependent expansion rate. We show that, with current data, the constraints on modifications to the Poisson equation via measurements of the growth rate range between 10-20% depending on the strength of our assumptions on the Universe's expansion rate.

Abstract:

Feedhorn- and orthomode transducer- (OMT) coupled transition edge sensor (TES) bolometers have been designed and micro-fabricated to meet the optical specifications of the LiteBIRD high frequency telescope (HFT) focal plane. We discuss the design and optical characterization of two LiteBIRD HFT detector types: dual-polarization, dual-frequency-band pixels with 195/280 GHz and 235/337 GHz band centers. Results show well-matched passbands between orthogonal polarization channels and frequency centers within 3% of the design values. The optical efficiency of each frequency channel is conservatively reported to be within the range 0.64 - 0.72, determined from the response to a cryogenic, temperature-controlled thermal source. These values are in good agreement with expectations and either exceed or are within 10% of the values used in the LiteBIRD sensitivity forecast. Lastly, we report a measurement of loss in Nb/SiN_x/Nb microstrip at 100 mK and over the frequency range 200–350 GHz, which is comparable to values previously reported in the literature.

Abstract:

The cross-correlation between 21-cm intensity mapping (IM) experiments and photometric surveys of galaxies (or any other cosmological tracer with a broad radial kernel) is severely degraded by the loss of long-wavelength radial modes due to Galactic foreground contamination. Higher-order correlators are able to restore some of these modes due to the non-linear coupling between them and the local small-scale clustering induced by gravitational collapse. We explore the possibility of recovering information from the bispectrum between a photometric galaxy sample and an IM experiment, in the context of the clustering-redshifts technique. We demonstrate that the bispectrum is able to calibrate the redshift distribution of the photometric sample to the required accuracy of future experiments such as the Rubin Observatory, using future single-dish and interferometric 21-cm observations, in situations where the two-point function is not able to do so due to foreground contamination. We also show how this calibration is affected by the photometric redshift width σz,0 and maximum scale kmax. We find that it is important to reach scales $k \gtrsim 0.3\, h\, {\rm Mpc}^{-1}$, with the constraints saturating at around $k\sim 1\, h\, {\rm Mpc}^{-1}$ for next-generation experiments.