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Abstract:

The known population of non-accreting neutron stars is ever growing and currently consists of more than 3500 sources. Pulsar surveys with the SKAO telescopes will greatly increase the known population, adding radio pulsars to every subgroup in the radio-loud neutron star family. These discoveries will not only add to the current understanding of neutron star physics by increasing the sample of sources that can be studied, but will undoubtedly also uncover previously unknown types of sources that will challenge our theories of a wide range of physical phenomena. A broad variety of scientific studies will be made possible by a significantly increased known population of neutron stars, unravelling questions such as: How do isolated pulsars evolve with time; What is the connection between magnetars, high B-field pulsars, and the newly discovered long-period pulsars; How is a pulsar’s spin-down related to its radio emission; What is the nuclear equation of state? Increasing the known numbers of pulsars in binary or triple systems may enable both larger numbers and higher precision tests of gravitational theories and general relativity, as well as probing the neutron star mass distribution. The excellent sensitivity of the SKAO telescopes combined with the wide field of view, large numbers of simultaneous tied-array beams that will be searched in real time, wide range of observing frequencies, and the ability to form multiple sub-arrays will make the SKAO an excellent facility to undertake a wide range of neutron star research. In this paper, we give an overview of different types of neutron stars and discuss how the SKAO telescopes will aid in our understanding of the neutron star population.

Abstract:

This paper presents a comprehensive wideband study of FRB 20240619D focusing on its hyperactivity, rotation measure evolution, and the search for an associated persistent radio source. Using data from the MeerKAT, Murriyang, and Lovell telescopes, we analysed the spectral, temporal, and polarimetric properties of 1539 bursts. Our observations reveal a remarkably high burst rate of 161 bursts per hour in early August above a fluence value of 1.6 Jy ms as well as significant secular variations in rotation measure and diverse polarization characteristics, including high linear polarization fractions and occasional circular polarization. The burst activity also showed frequency dependence with approximately 61 per cent of the total number of bursts detected between 1300 and 1800 MHz. The burst activity of FRB 20240619D ceased abruptly after a period of intense activity lasting approximately 80 d, suggesting an episodic behaviour. Follow-up observations with MeerKAT and Australia Telescope Compact Array did not reveal an associated compact persistent radio source. Altogether, our results highlight the importance of continued long-term monitoring and multiwavelength observations in understanding the emission mechanisms and diversity of progenitor populations of fast radio bursts.

Abstract:

Accurately localizing fast radio bursts (FRBs) is essential for understanding their birth environments and for their use as cosmological probes. Recent advances in radio interferometry, particularly with MeerKAT, have enabled the localization of individual bursts with arcsecond precision. In this work, we present the localization of 15 apparently non-repeating FRBs detected with MeerKAT. Two of the FRBs, discovered in 2022, were localized in 8 s images from the projects that MeerTRAP was commensal to, while eight were localized using the transient buffer (TB) pipeline, and another one through SeeKAT, all with arcsecond precision. Four additional FRBs lacked TB triggers and sufficient signal, limiting their localization only to arcminute precision. For eight of the FRBs in our sample, we identify host galaxies with greater than 90 per cent confidence, and one with 80 per cent confidence, while two FRBs have ambiguous associations. We measured spectroscopic redshifts for six host galaxies, ranging from 0.33 to 0.85, demonstrating MeerKAT’s sensitivity to high-redshift FRBs. We modelled the spectral energy distributions of host galaxies with sufficient photometric coverage to derive their stellar population and star formation properties. This work represents one of the largest uniform samples of well-localized distant FRBs to date, laying the groundwork for using MeerKAT FRBs as cosmological probes and understand how FRB hosts evolve at high redshift.

Abstract:

One of the potential sources of repeating fast radio bursts (FRBs) is a rotating magnetosphere of a compact object, as suggested by the similarities in the polarization properties of FRBs and radio pulsars. Attempts to measure an underlying period in the times of arrival of repeating FRBs have nevertheless been unsuccessful. To explain this lack of observed periodicity, it is often suggested that the line of sight towards the source must be sampling active parts of the emitting magnetosphere throughout the rotation of the compact object, i.e. has a large duty cycle, as can be the case in a neutron star with near-aligned magnetic and rotation axes. This may lead to apparently aperiodic bursts; however, the polarization angle of the bursts should be tied to the rotational phase from which they occur. This is true for radio pulsars. We therefore propose a new test to identify a possible stable rotation period under the assumptions above, based on a periodogram of the measured polarization angle time series for repeating FRBs. We show that this test is highly sensitive when the duty cycle is large, where standard time-of-arrival periodicity searches fail. Therefore, we can directly test the hypothesis of repeating FRBs of magnetospheric origin with a stable rotation period. Both positive and negative results of the test applied to FRB data will provide important information.

Abstract:

PSR J0901−4046, a likely radio-loud neutron star with a period of 75.88 s, challenges conventional models of neutron star radio emission. Here, we showcase results from 46 h of follow-up observations of PSR J0901−4046 using the MeerKAT, Murriyang, Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope, and Murchison Widefield Array radio telescopes. We demonstrate the intriguing stability of the source’s timing solution over more than 3 yr, leading to an RMS arrival-time uncertainty of just of the rotation period. Furthermore, non-detection below 500 MHz may indicate a low-frequency turnover in the source’s spectrum, while no secular decline in the flux density of the source over time, as was apparent from previous observations, has been observed. Using high time-resolution MeerKAT data, we demonstrate two distinct quasi-periodic oscillation modes present in single pulses, with characteristic time-scales of 73 and 21 ms. We also observe a statistically significant change in the relative prevalence of distinct pulse morphologies compared to previous observations, possibly indicating a shift in the magnetospheric composition over time. Finally, we show that the W pulse width is nearly constant from 544 to 4032 MHz, consistent with zero radius-to-frequency mapping. The very short duty cycle () is more similar to radio pulsars with periods >5 s than to radio-loud magnetars. This, along with the lack of magnetar-like outbursts or timing glitches, complicates the identification of the source with ultralong period magnetar models.