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Abstract:

Differential unitary space-time modulation (DUSTM) and its earlier nondifferential counterpart, USTM, permit high-throughput multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication entirely without the possession of channel state information by either the transmitter or the receiver. For an isotropically random unitary input we obtain the exact closed-form expression for the probability density of the DUSTM received signal, permitting the straightforward Monte Carlo evaluation of its mutual information. We compare the performance of DUSTM and USTM through both numerical computations of mutual information and through the analysis of low- and high-signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) asymptotic expressions. In our comparisons the symbol durations of the equivalent unitary space-time signals are equal to T. For DUSTM the number of transmit antennas is constrained by the scheme to be M = T/2, while USTM has no such constraint. If DUSTM and USTM utilize the same number of transmit antennas at high SNRs the normalized mutual information of the two schemes expressed in bits/s/Hz are asymptotically equal, with the differential scheme performing somewhat better. At low SNRs the normalized mutual information of DUSTM is asymptotically twice the normalized mutual information of USTM. If, instead, USTM utilizes the optimum number of transmit antennas then USTM can outperform DUSTM at sufficiently low SNRs. © 2006 IEEE.

Abstract:

We present compelling experimental evidence for a successful electrostatic trapping of two-dimensional dipolar excitons that results in stable formation of a well-confined, high-density and spatially uniform dipolar exciton fluid. We show that, for at least half a microsecond, the exciton fluid sustains a density higher than the critical density for degeneracy if the exciton fluid temperature reaches the lattice temperature within that time. This method should allow for the study of strongly interacting bosons in two dimensions at low temperatures, and possibly lead towards the observation of quantum phase transitions of two-dimensional interacting excitons, such as superfluidity and crystallization. © 2006 The American Physical Society.

Abstract:

We propose an experiment to probe the unconventional quantum statistics of quasiparticles in fractional quantum Hall states by measurement of current noise. The geometry we consider is that of a Hall bar where two quantum point contacts introduce two interfering amplitudes for backscattering. Thermal fluctuations of the number of quasiparticles enclosed between the two point contacts introduce current noise, which reflects the statistics of the quasiparticles. We analyze Abelian ν=1/q states and the non-Abelian ν=5/2 state. © 2006 The American Physical Society.

Abstract:

In a quantum dot with three leads, the transmission matrix t12 between two of these leads is a truncation of a unitary scattering matrix S, which we treat as random. As the number of channels in the third lead is increased, the constraints from the symmetry of S become less stringent and t12 becomes closer to a matrix of complex Gaussian random numbers with no constraints. We consider the distribution of the singular values of t12, which is related to a number of physical quantities.