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Abstract:

In this work, we explore experimentally and theoretically the spectrum of magnetic excitations of the Fe3+ and Yb3+ ions in ytterbium iron garnet (Yb3Fe5O12). We present a complete description of the crystal-field splitting of the 4f states of Yb3+, including the effect of the exchange field generated by the magnetically ordered Fe subsystem. We also consider a further effect of the Fe-Yb exchange interaction, which is to hybridize the Yb crystal field excitations with the Fe spin-wave modes at positions in the Brillouin zone where the two types of excitations cross. We present detailed measurements of these hybridized excitations, and we propose a framework that can be used in the quantitative analysis of the coupled spectra in terms of the anisotropic 4f-3d exchange interaction.

Abstract:

We present a systematic inelastic neutron scattering and neutron diffraction study on the magnetic structure of the quasi-one-dimensional spin- 1 2 magnet SrCo 2 V 2 O 8 , where the interchain coupling in the Néel-type antiferromagnetic ground state breaks the static spin lattice into two independent domains. At zero magnetic field, we have observed two new spin excitations with small spectral weights inside the gapped region defined by the spinon bound states. In an external magnetic field along the chain axis, the Néel order gets partially destabilized at μ 0 H ★ = 2.0 T and completely suppressed at μ 0 H p = 3.9 T , above which a quantum disordered Tomonaga–Luttinger liquid (TLL) prevails. The low-energy spin excitations between μ 0 H ★ and μ 0 H p are not homogeneous, containing the dispersionless (or weakly dispersive) spinon bound states excited in the Néel phase and the highly dispersive psinon-antipsinon mode characteristic of a TLL. We propose that the two new modes at zero field are spinon excitations inside the domain walls. Since they have a smaller gap than those excited in the Néel domains, the underlying spin chains enter the TLL state via a local quantum phase transition at μ 0 H ★ , making the Néel/TLL coexistence a stable configuration until the excitation gap in the Néel domains closes at μ 0 H p .

Abstract:

Magnetically frustrated systems provide fertile ground for complex behaviour, including unconventional ground states with emergent symmetries, topological properties, and exotic excitations. A canonical example is the emergence of magnetic-charge-carrying quasiparticles in spin-ice compounds. Despite extensive work, a reliable experimental indicator of the density of these magnetic monopoles is yet to be found. Using measurements on single crystals of Ho2Ir2O7 combined with dipolar Monte Carlo simulations, we show that the isothermal magnetoresistance is highly sensitive to the monopole density. Moreover, we uncover an unexpected and strong coupling between the monopoles on the holmium sublattice and the antiferromagnetically ordered iridium ions. These results pave the way towards a quantitative experimental measure of monopole density and demonstrate the ability to control antiferromagnetic domain walls using a uniform external magnetic field, a key goal in the design of next-generation spintronic devices.

Abstract:

The interaction of time-dependent electromagnetic fields with electrons in quantum materials can give rise to many both fundamentally interesting as well as technologically relevant phenomena like transient band structure manipulations or the emergence of prethermal states of matter, which are not a result of heating. This thesis contributes theoretical insights to both these topics: We model the interference of Floquet and Volkov side bands, which are a result of the dressing of electron states by light, in a time-resolved angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) experiment. Furthermore, we analyze the emergence of a band-like feature in the non-equilibrium spectral function of a one-dimensional charge-density wave insulator upon periodic driving. Secondly, we use the fermionic truncated Wigner approximation (fTWA), a phase space method for the time evolution of interacting fermions, to study the light-induced order parameter dynamics in SU(N)-symmetric fermionic lattice models. By comparison with exact analytical results for an interaction quench in the Hubbard model, we find that dephasing-induced prethermalization is correctly described by fTWA. We discuss photoinduced prethermal transitions between competing phases of matter in the large-N Hubbard-Heisenberg model and find a pronounced frequency-dependence of the transition. This work contributes to a better understanding of photoinduced order parameter dynamics from a microscopic perspective.2024-01-2

Abstract:

Understanding the formation and dynamics of charge and spin-ordered states in low-dimensional transition metal oxide materials is crucial to understanding unconventional high-temperature superconductivity. La 2 − x Sr x NiO 4 + δ (LSNO) has attracted much attention due to its interesting spin dynamics. Recent x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy studies have revealed slow dynamics of the spin order (SO) stripes in LSNO. Here, we applied resonant soft x-ray ptychography to map the spatial distribution of the SO stripe domain inhomogeneity in real space. The reconstructed images show the SO domains are spatially anisotropic, in agreement with previous diffraction studies. For the SO stripe domains, it is found that the correlation lengths along different directions are strongly coupled in space. Surprisingly, fluctuations were observed in the real space amplitude signal, rather than the phase or position. We attribute the observed slow dynamics of the stripe domains in LSNO to thermal fluctuations of the SO domain boundaries.