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Abstract:

There was a numerical error in the abstract of Mitchell et al. (2012). In the fourth sentence of the abstract the number should be 7 events per decade, not 0.7. The full sentence should read, Analysis of the standard stratospheric zonal mean wind diagnostic shows no significan increase over the twenty-first century in the number of major sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) from its historical value of 7 events per decade, although the monthly distribution of SSWs does vary, with events becoming more evenly dispersed through thwinter.

Abstract:

The reliability of multi-year predictions of climate is assessed using probabilistic Attributes Diagrams for near-surface air temperature and sea surface temperature, based on 54 member ensembles of initialised decadal hindcasts using the ECMWF coupled model. It is shown that the reliability from the ensemble system is good over global land areas, Europe and Africa and for the North Atlantic, Indian Ocean and, to a lesser extent, North Pacific basins for lead times up to 6-9years. North Atlantic SSTs are reliably predicted even when the climate trend is removed, consistent with the known predictability for this region. By contrast, reliability in the Indian Ocean, where external forcing accounts for most of the variability, deteriorates severely after detrending. More conventional measures of forecast quality, such as the anomaly correlation coefficient (ACC) of the ensemble mean, are also considered, showing that the ensemble has significant skill in predicting multi-annual temperature averages. © 2012. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.